Drug delivery can be defined as the group of approaches by which a drug or a pharmacologically active agent can be transported to the target cell to treat or heal a disease. Conventional routes for drug delivery are oral, buccal, rectal, subcutaneous, intranasal, intramuscular, intravenous, pulmonary, and transdermal. These are the commonly used methods for the treatment of various medical problems, but have certain limitations such as instability, risk of displacement, uncontrolled release, side effects such as irritation and pain, slow absorption, enzymatic deterioration, and many others. Incorporation of a drug into a carrier is one of the efficient methods for targeted and sustained delivery of the drug. Applications of nanocarriers include solid nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, virus-like nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles. There are various conventional ways to transport the drug to the target cell, but all these methods have certain limitations. This has led to the development of a smart drug delivery system capable of overcoming conventional methods.
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